In people with overweight or obesity, taking control of weight is not just a matter of appearance—it is a powerful tool for reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and improving outcomes for those who already have the disease. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidance “Obesity and Weight Management for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes” highlights that obesity is a chronic—and often relapsing—disease with profound metabolic, physical and psychosocial consequences.
The evidence shows that even a modest weight loss of around 5 % of body weight can lead to meaningful improvements in blood sugar control, and higher weight loss yields even better results. Lifestyle interventions—such as adopting healthier eating, increasing physical activity, and receiving behavioural support—are foundational. For many individuals these steps should aim for a daily energy deficit (for example 500-750 kcal) and regular contact with a specialist or counsellor (e.g., 16 sessions in 6 months) to support the changes.
Medical therapies and surgical options may also be appropriate in certain circumstances. The ADA recommends that when selecting medications to treat type 2 diabetes in people who are overweight or obese, providers should consider the effect of the drug on weight. Moreover, for individuals with a body mass index above defined thresholds (for example BMI ≥ 40, or BMI 30-39.9 with comorbidities) who are unable to achieve durable weight loss with lifestyle and medications alone, metabolic (bariatric) surgery becomes a recommended option.
It is important to frame weight management using person-centred, non-judgmental language: for example referring to someone as a “person with obesity” rather than “an obese person”. This approach fosters respectful, effective partnerships between healthcare professionals and individuals.
In practical daily life this means focusing on sustainable habits rather than quick fixes—eating more vegetables and whole foods, cutting down on processed items, moving more (walking, sport, active daily living), and seeking professional or peer support where needed. Keeping the weight off after losing it is just as crucial as losing it in the first place.
On World Diabetes Day, this guidance is a valuable reminder that preventing type 2 diabetes—and improving it when it occurs—is not just about glucose levels, but about managing weight and overall metabolic health. The stronger we become in our lifestyle habits and the more support a person receives, the more realistic and lasting the benefits.
Editor of Daily 27.
Predoctoral researcher at the Department of Sociology in University of Barcelona.