Drinking a cup of coffee is a daily ritual for millions of people around the world. But did you know that the time of day you drink your coffee could have a long-term impact on your health? A new study published in the European Heart Journal suggests that the timing of coffee consumption may be linked to your risk of mortality from various causes.
The Study
Researchers from Harvard University and other institutions analyzed data from more than 40,000 adults in the United States, collected between 1999 and 2018 through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), along with a sub-study of 1,463 individuals from the Lifestyle Validation Study of Women and Men. Using cluster analysis, they identified patterns in coffee consumption timing and assessed their relationship with all-cause mortality as well as mortality from specific diseases like cardiovascular conditions and cancer.
The results revealed that people who drink coffee primarily in the morning have a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to those who consume it throughout the day or not at all. Specifically, the study found that morning coffee consumption was associated with a 12–15% reduction in overall mortality risk, with more pronounced benefits in preventing cardiovascular-related deaths. On the other hand, coffee consumed at more dispersed or nighttime hours did not show the same protective benefits.
Why Does Coffee Timing Matter?
Coffee isn’t just about caffeine—it contains hundreds of bioactive compounds, such as antioxidants, that can impact health. Caffeine, however, is the star component, known for its stimulating effects on the brain and cardiovascular system. According to the article, drinking coffee in the morning may better align with the body’s circadian rhythms, optimizing caffeine’s effects on metabolism and cardiovascular function. This timing takes advantage of the body’s natural peak alertness, enhancing the positive impact of coffee’s compounds on the cardiovascular system. In contrast, afternoon or evening consumption may interfere with sleep or circadian rhythms, potentially reducing these protective effects. While the study does not establish causality, it suggests that the timing of coffee consumption could be a key factor to consider.
Everyday Implications
So, do we need to change our routine? Not necessarily, but these findings offer a chance to reflect on our habits. If you enjoy coffee at any time of day, you might consider trying a cup in the morning to see how it affects you. The study also highlights the importance of moderation: the benefits were observed in moderate consumption (1–3 cups per day), whereas excessive intake may not be as favorable.
Additionally, the type of coffee matters. Unfiltered coffees, like espresso or French press, contain compounds that can raise cholesterol if consumed in excess, while filtered coffee is generally a better option for heart health.
Thus, this study not only highlights coffee’s potential as a health ally but also underscores how small details in our daily routine—such as the timing of a cup—can have a significant impact. As science continues to explore the connection between diet, circadian rhythms, and health, incorporating these findings into our lives can help us lead healthier lifestyles.
Lecturer at the Sociology Department, University of Barcelona