It is likely that your smartphone contains a tiny amount of tantalum, a crucial metal for its operation. However, few consumers are aware that its extraction in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is directly linked to an armed conflict that has caused thousands of deaths, forced displacements, and serious human rights violations.
Tantalum, along with tin, tungsten, and gold, is classified as a “conflict mineral” because its extraction often finances armed groups like M23. This militia, which controls part of the coltan mines in the eastern DRC, has turned mining into a major source of income for funding weapons and fighters. Despite international efforts to ensure an ethical supply chain, traceability remains a challenge due to corruption and the difficulty of monitoring small, scattered mines.
As consumers, we cannot remain indifferent. While it may seem like we have little power to change the situation, there are several ways we can help reduce the impact of this exploitation and avoid being indirect accomplices in the conflict:
Raising awareness: Educating ourselves about the origin of materials in our devices is the first step toward change. Companies and legislation have made progress in regulation, but we must continue demanding transparency and accountability from the brands we support.
Extending the lifespan of our devices: The longer we use our phones, tablets, and computers, the lower the demand for these minerals. Choosing to repair instead of replacing and purchasing refurbished devices are effective strategies.
Demanding materials from conflict-free zones: Just as “conflict-free diamonds” gained support in the past, we can pressure companies to use ethically certified materials that do not finance violence.
Recycling electronic devices properly: Many components can be reused, reducing the need for further mineral extraction. Finding proper recycling centers prevents these materials from ending up in landfills or illegal markets.
Supporting fair trade technology initiatives: Some companies and projects aim to develop technology using responsibly sourced materials. Choosing these options when available sends a strong message to the industry.
The issue of conflict minerals is not just a distant geopolitical concern—it directly affects the products we use every day. As consumers, our choices can help reduce the demand for materials linked to violence and promote more sustainable and ethical practices.
Associate Professor at University of Granada